b. who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the healthiest. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. b. cognitive-behavioral a. a. cognitive-behavioral b. humanistic-existential c. sociocultural d. psychodynamic, 7. This newer type of cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes recognizing problematic thoughts as thoughts rather than judging them, acting on them, or fruitlessly trying to change them. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: a. behavioral. d. short-term psychodynamic therapy. 21. Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and drug use during pregnancy are risk factors for ADHD. For more information on psychotropic medications, please visit: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/mental-health-medications/index.shtml. a. This form of learning is called: According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving: ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. a. c. insert RNA into genes. d. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. Which conclusion can be drawn from this finding? The four main models to explain psychological abnormality are the biological, behavioural, cognitive, and psychodynamic models. In other words, they present themselves in a favorable light. d. early life experiences shape one's later behavior. 72. b. Since your Italian professor did not provide a study guide, you didnt study for the midterm. How does the humanistic perspective approach psychopathology? With this knowledge, a plan is developed and consists of numerous strategies to act on one or all these elements antecedent, behavior, and/or consequence. In fact, behaviorism said psychology was to be the study of observable behavior. The brain stimulation technique that uses an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a persons head to send electrical current into certain areas of the brain is called: a. vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). b. it is unclear whether problematic behaviors and cognitions are the cause of psychological difficulties or the result. d. special external pressures faced by members of a culture. 112. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. 102. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? Next, help the client stop thinking these thoughts and replace them with more rational ones. Cognitive-behavioral approaches used to treat social anxiety disorder aim to: a. increase positive self-talk and decrease risk taking. It is present at birth, completely unconscious, and operates on the pleasure principle, resulting in selfishly seeking immediate gratification of our needs no matter what the cost. To be considered distinct from other conditions, a mental illness must have its own set of symptoms. Here are the models we will examine in this module: You should have learned the following in this section: Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. Module 2: Models of Abnormal Psychology by Washington State University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. I'm here for you." d. classical conditioning. c. superego. Why is the psychodynamic model difficult to research? b. insight. Maybe it changed to biweekly and I missed the email. Due to this endurance, we say that intermittent or partial reinforcement shows resistance to extinction, meaning the behavior does weaken, but gradually. Her therapy is MOST likely: a. gestalt therapy. a. psychodynamic b. sociocultural c. humanist-existential d. cognitive-behavioral. d. conditions of worth. 150. 137. With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: If a client-centered therapist were treating a very anxious woman, the therapist would try to: show unconditional positive regard for the client's statements. The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." Which of the following is NOT a weakness of the biological model of abnormal behavior? When Mathias did not get a job for which he applied, he was sure that everything was going wrong, that his life was completely off track. But before these diagnostic categories Nevertheless, just before the track meet begins, she thinks, "I can't do this! The brain. Next, the children are placed in a room with several toys in it. Stimulants are generally effective and produce a calming effect. Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. Regret orientation Focusing on what you could have done better in the past rather than on improving now. Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following? Which statement regarding the outcomes of couple therapy is FALSE? b. negative transference. c. transference. Those who sit in the back of the room are underachievers who dont care. Still, cognitive-behavioral therapies have proven their efficacy for the treatment of OCD (McKay et al., 2015), perinatal depression (Sockol, 2015), insomnia (de Bruin et al., 2015), bulimia nervosa (Poulsen et al., 2014), hypochondriasis (Olatunji et al., 2014), and social anxiety disorder (Leichsenring et al., 2014) to name a few. According to psychoanalysts, if a patient relives past repressed feelings, that patient is said to have experienced: a. repression. d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. According to the Genetics Home Reference website as part of NIHs National Library of Medicine, a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene). 27. A health care provider prescribes disulfiram (Antabuse) for a client with alcoholism. d. fixation. Release of neurotransmitters is stopped. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors are also relevant to understanding the development and course of mental illness. c. identify the client's unreasonable ideas and feelings. Psychosurgery. 64. According to the behavioral model, Dontrall acquired this perspective through the process of: a. modeling. In Panel A, food makes a dog salivate. 114. d. psychotropic treatment. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. All of the following are leading kinds of biological treatments used today EXCEPT: a. drug therapy. c. role-playing. MOST likely, this therapist is a _____ therapist. 2.2.1.2. Mood stabilizers are used to treat bipolar disorder and, at times, depression, schizoaffective disorder, and disorders of impulse control. Before introducing the current main models, it is crucial to understand what a model is. Note the plural form of dendrite and the singular form of axon; there are many dendrites but only one axon. Likewise, if our action leads to dissatisfaction, then we will not repeat the same behavior in the future. According to Freud, all _____ instincts tend to be sexual. When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. b. exposure therapy. These medications fall under five major categories. d. encourages individuals to share information with the group. Is there merit to this view? b. self theory. This begs the question of how we can really know that they exist. c. psychodynamic. Gender plays an important, though at times, unclear role in mental illness. Just because there is a relationship between culture and a particular disorder, it does not mean that culture causes the disorder. 68. I know my grandmother used to. They also have not developed much in the way of theory, and the perspectives tend to work best with people suffering from adjustment issues and not as well with severe mental illness. This criticism would be true of behaviorisms first two stages, though sociobehaviorism steered away from this proposition and even fought against any mechanistic leanings of behaviorists. Yvette's negative thought patterns are harmful to her well-being. She had another shirt with her and wanted to change right then and there. Schemas and cognitive errors. There is no firsthand experience by the learner in observational learning, unlike enactive. b. laissez-faire parenting style. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? Negative means that something is being taken away good or bad. Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? A) The humanistic-existential model B) The family-social perspective C) The cognitive model D) The psychodynamic model B The model of abnormality that focuses on the role of values and choices in behavior is the _____ model. Which is an example of latent content? 2.3.1.1. Finally, assertiveness training aids the client in protecting their rights and obtaining what they want from others. Possible side effects include loss of appetite, headache, motor or verbal tics, and personality changes such as appearing emotionless. b. classic Freudian psychotherapy. If the rat pushes the lever again sometime in the future and food is delivered, the behavior spontaneously recovers. a. Which of the following is NOT influenced by the paradigm to which an investigator subscribes? See Figure 2.1 below. b. develop depression even when not under stress. Mason's parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. 17. a. avoidance b. illogical c. safety d. exposure, 96. As these cells die, the brain fails to receive messages about when and how to move. Finally, Freud used dream analysis to understand a persons innermost wishes. b. existential therapy. The behavioral model concerns the cognitive process of learning, which is any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and practice and has two main forms associative learning to include classical and operant conditioning and observational learning. For social skills training, identify the appropriate social behavior such as making eye contact, saying no to a request, or starting up a conversation with a stranger and determine whether the client is inhibited from making this behavior due to anxiety. 101. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: a. rationalization. The biological model is generally well respected today but suffers a few key issues. d. understand how beliefs and values are related to behaviors. c. humanistic-existential 20. When a doctor strikes your knee with that little hammer, your leg extends out automatically. Which is a goal of acceptance and commitment therapy? For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. d. damage control. It regulates the bodys rate of metabolism and so how energetic people are. b. existential A therapist pays close attention to what their client has to say and then makes an effort to show accurate empathy and sincerity in their responses. Medical Model: Definition, Mental Health, Psychology - StudySmarter US d. synapses. e. Models of abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. The type of reinforcer or punisher we use is crucial. Then write a few balanced statements such as the one the article suggests, Ive made some mistakes that I feel embarrassed about, but a lot of the time, I make good choices.. This person is an A student but does not like being right under the nose of the professor, especially if he/she tends to spit when lecturing. Her symptoms appeared as she cared for her dying father, and her mother called on Breuer to diagnosis her condition (note that Freud never actually treated her). 19. First, Freud made most of his observations in an unsystematic, uncontrolled way, and he relied on the case study method. c. take responsibility for harmful behavioral patterns. The genes responsible for anxiety disorders or related psychological patterns are the same genes that once helped our ancestors survive and reproduce. Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model 2.2.1.1. Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. This is an example of behavior modification using: With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: let their thoughts flow, without judgment. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. a. multicultural b. biological c. humanistic d. cognitive-behavioral, 136. d. It focuses on educational goals rather than therapeutic purposes. How effective is the sociocultural model at explaining psychopathology and its treatment. The earlier that treatment begins, the more effective it can be., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health/index.shtml, In relation to women: Some disorders are more common in women such as depression and anxiety. 156. Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. If this is true, how can we know anything about controversial matters? To effectively treat a mental disorder, we must understand its cause. 2.3.2.1. Depersonalization can be defined as a feeling of unreality or detachment from oneself. PSYC 203 Chapter 2: Models of Abnormality, Week 12: CNS Drugs Neurodegenerative, Neurolo, Week 11: PNS Drugs (Cholinergic, Adrenergic). Gestalt therapy is similar to mindfulness techniques in its emphasis on: a. using I language. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can result in a person becoming stuck at a developmental level.